Ingredient type

Amino Acids

Building blocks of protein and related compounds, such as L-carnitine and L-theanine, used in supplements for energy metabolism, focus and relaxation.

A laboratory sample of white L-arginine powder (AI-generated illustration) L-Arginine

Evidence: Limited

L-arginine is the amino acid the body uses to make nitric oxide. A meta-analysis found gram-level doses modestly improved mild to moderate erectile dy...

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A laboratory sample of white taurine powder (AI-generated illustration) Taurine

Evidence: Preliminary

Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in the retina and is essential for photoreceptor health in animal studies. There is little human evidence that...

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Griffonia simplicifolia climbing shrub with flat seed pods being harvested by hand in a West African bush (AI-generated illustration) 5-HTP

Evidence: Limited

5-HTP is the direct precursor of serotonin. Evidence for sleep is limited to small studies, and it can interact with antidepressants and other seroton...

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A laboratory sample of white GABA powder (AI-generated illustration) GABA

Evidence: Limited

GABA is the brain's main calming messenger. A systematic review found limited evidence for stress and very limited evidence for sleep benefits from or...

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A laboratory sample of white crystalline betaine powder beside a sugar beet (AI-generated illustration) Betaine

Evidence: Limited

Betaine is a nutrient from beets and whole grains involved in methylation and liver metabolism. Meta-analyses disagree on body fat and show no effect ...

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A laboratory sample of white L-carnitine powder (AI-generated illustration) L-carnitine

Evidence: Limited

L-carnitine helps transport fatty acids into mitochondria. A meta-analysis of 37 trials found a small average weight reduction, mainly in people with ...

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A laboratory sample of white L-theanine powder beside a few green tea leaves (AI-generated illustration) L-theanine

Evidence: Moderate

L-theanine is an amino acid from tea. Combined with caffeine, it produces small short-term improvements in attention and reaction time, but it has no ...

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