Probiotics & Prebiotics

Evidence: Preliminary

Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucus-dwelling gut bacterium linked to metabolic health. A small three-month trial found improved insulin sensitivity, bu...

Evidence: Limited

Lactobacillus reuteri is a probiotic bacterium with several dental trials. Specific strains used alongside professional cleaning have shown short-term...

Evidence: Limited

Bifidobacterium lactis is a widely used probiotic. One strain, HN019, helped as an add-on to periodontal treatment in small trials, while the BL-04 st...

Evidence: Preliminary

Lactobacillus paracasei is a common probiotic species. One strain reduced cavity-linked bacteria and new cavities in high-risk children, while another...

Evidence: Preliminary

Streptococcus salivarius is one of the first bacteria to colonize the human mouth. Strains like K12 are sold for breath and throat health, but human t...

Evidence: Preliminary

L. gasseri is one of the lactobacilli that naturally populate the vagina and gut. Early trials of oral strains for vaginal health have shown limited c...

Evidence: Limited

L. casei is a common probiotic in fermented dairy, with strain-specific evidence for digestive uses such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There is n...

Evidence: Preliminary

L. crispatus is a key species in a healthy vaginal microbiome. A vaginal form of one strain has shown promise for preventing recurrent UTIs and bacter...

Evidence: Limited

L. acidophilus is a widely used probiotic species with some strain-specific evidence for digestive uses. Evidence for urinary health is weak, and resu...

Evidence: Limited

L. plantarum is a hardy probiotic species found in fermented foods, studied mainly for digestive health. Its role in urinary health is not established...