Plant Extracts

Evidence: Limited

Garcinia cambogia supplies hydroxycitric acid, promoted for weight loss. Trials show at most a small, uncertain effect, and LiverTox lists it as a lik...

Evidence: Preliminary

Broccoli sprouts are rich in glucoraphanin, which the body converts to sulforaphane. Small trials have looked at blood sugar and liver markers with mi...

Evidence: Moderate

Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol found in nuts, seeds and vegetable oils. A Cochrane review of four trials found it improved urinary symptom scores a...

Evidence: Limited

Pumpkin seed oil is a traditional remedy for urinary symptoms. A small trial and a large German study suggest a modest benefit for symptoms linked to ...

Evidence: Preliminary

Fucoidan is a complex sugar molecule from brown seaweed that has been studied mainly for immune and inflammatory markers. Human trials are small, and ...

Evidence: Limited

Olive leaf extract is rich in the polyphenol oleuropein. Small trials suggest modest effects on blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, but a 2024 met...

Evidence: Limited

Black pepper extract supplies piperine, which can boost absorption of some compounds such as curcumin. Evidence that it improves other ingredients is ...

Evidence: Limited

Sweet almond oil is a gentle emollient carrier oil that helps soften and moisturize skin. It has no proven antifungal effect.

Evidence: Limited

Jojoba oil is a liquid wax from a desert shrub that resembles skin's natural oils. It moisturizes and stabilizes oil blends but has no proven effect o...

Evidence: Moderate

Undecylenic acid is a castor oil-derived fatty acid used for decades in over-the-counter athlete's foot products. Trials support it for skin fungus, b...